The Causes Of Poverty With Special Focus On India

Recently, a girl living in the Himalayas ended her life due to severe poverty. Poverty is one of the leading causes of death among people in developing countries. Poverty is defined by lack of the basic necessities to live such as food, water and shelter. Did you know over 3 billion people live on less than $2.50 a day, which is 43% of the world’s population i.e almost half (worldbank). Poverty is caused by a variety of things including overpopulation, lack of education, environmental degradation and economic factors. The following essay goes in depth on the various causes of poverty with special focus on India. Political influences in India such as income inequality, globalization, capitalism and corruption are major causes of poverty. Income inequality occurs when there is a big difference between the rich and poor. This occurs partially because of globalization because big companies like Wal-mart and Joe fresh have sweatshops located in India where they pay their workers very little for tough jobs accompanied with very poor working conditions. These wages are simply not enough for the workers, they are not able to put food on the table at the end of the day after putting so much effort into a job. The Guardian finds that more than 20% of India’s econmy depends on children which equals 55 million young individual under the age of 14. These third world countries are influenced by capitalist countries causing big corporations to make poor countries even poorer. TheseShow MoreRelatedDifferent Solutions to Poverty in Urban Areas1357 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent solutions to poverty in urban areas 1. Introduction: Poverty can be defined in two ways, which are absolute poverty and relative poverty. 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In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the causes and its impact on victimRead MoreAmerica s Stand Point On The Ordeal1565 Words   |  7 Pagesfully comprehend the growing lack of jobs, poverty, hunger, poor health care, and meager education that takes place across the nation. American charity foundations are often eager to jump to the rescue of other countries, but what about the detrimental issues that occur and worsen here every day? In the past , the majority of organizations are predominantly directed at foreign countries; helping places such as Ethiopia, India, Somalia, etc. While here, poverty and debt are increasing by surmountableRead MoreOverpopulation Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesCritics argue that instead of allowing poverty to persist, it is important to limit our number of poor people (The Population Explosion: Causes and Consequences). Population growth around the world is not equally distributed. Between 1750 and 1950, the population explosion began in Europe and America. After 1950, a much larger population explosion started to take place in Asia, Latin America and Africa. More than 1.3 billion live in China and 1.2 billion in India, together making up more than one third

María Eva Evita Duarte Perón A Radical in Argentina Essay

As a revolutionary, Eva Duarte Perà ³n transformed the lives of Argentina’s working class. Her influence in politics, also, shaped the way that women were viewed in the government. Eva was concerned with the welfare of the public which motivated her to try and improve their everyday life. Juan Duarte, Eva’s father, had two families: one with his legitimate wife and another with his mistress, Juana Ibarguren. Born on May 7, 1919, Marà ­a Eva was the fifth born child of Duarte’s mistress, Juana. It was public knowledge that Juan Duarte had two families. For a while, he tried to divide his time equally amongst the two families. Eventually, he left his mistress and their children to fend for themselves. Duarte passed away in a car†¦show more content†¦Perà ³n, a rising political and military power in Argentina, soon developed a close relationship with Eva. Using her charm and appeal, Eva rallied support for Perà ³n’s presidential campaign. Perà ³n’s popularity led to his arrest in 1945 but, Eva organized a mass demonstration that, on October 17, 1945, led to his release. October 17 is still celebrated today as the â€Å"day of loyalty† or â€Å"Dà ­a de la lealtad† by supporters of Perà ³n. By this time, the two of them were living together in a house in the northern part of the city, but this was creating problems for Perà ³n because he was living with an unmarried woman who was several years younger than he was. Therefore, on October 21, 1945, Juan Perà ³n and Eva Duarte were formally married. The fact that they saw eye-to-eye on politics may have been a part of their romance. They agreed that it was time for Argentina’s â€Å"descamisados† or shirtless ones to get a reasonable share of the country’s affluence. This marital bond made Perà ³n politically stronger than ever. In February 1946, Perà ³n became a candidate for the presidential election in Argentina and chose Juan Hortensio Quijano, a popular radical, as his running mate. Eva was actively participating in her husband’s campaign, by accompanying him on his campaign stops and regularly appearing with him in public, something never done by a woman in Argentina before. She was more focused on the less fortunate groups of society in ArgentinaShow MoreRelatedEssay about Argentina4537 Words   |  19 PagesArgentina Europeans arrived in the region with the 1502 voyage of Amerigo Vespucci. Spanish navigator Juan Diaz de Solias visited what is now Argentina in 1516. Spain established a permanent colony on the site of Buenos Aires in 1580. They further integrated Argentina into their empire following the establishment of the Vice-Royalty of Rio de la Plata in 1776, and Buenos Aires became a flourishing port. Buenos Aires formally declared independence from Spain on July 9, 1816. Argentines revere

Principles of Financial Cycle and Macroeconomics

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Financial Cycle and Macroeconomics. Answer: Introduction Every economy faces certain macro and microeconomic issues that degrade the economic performance and stability. In order to understand the causes and impact of these issues, the Australian economy is chosen. The current situation of the Australian economy is discussed to determine the general stability. Furthermore, two major macroeconomic issues of Australia are identified. Discussion regarding the factors that cause the problems in the economy is made. The importance of government in addressing each of the issues is also discussed to help the economy increase its efficiency and productivity. The current macroeconomic situation of Australia The Australian economy is one of the largest mixed market economies all over the globe. As per the economic report, the GDP of the country is AUD$1.62 trillion. The total wealth of the economy is more than AUD$6.4 trillion. In 2012, Australia was the largest economy regarding nominal GDP. The economy of Australia is dominated by service sectors and comprises of 68% of total GDP. The economic growth of the country is further depended on the mining sector and agriculture sector. In the recent times, it has been identified that the economy is experiencing the decline in the mining industry. However, the economy of Australia remained resilient and stable in spite of the downfall in the mining industry (Benassy, 2014). As per the report of September 2016, the inflation rate (CPI) was 1.0%. The level of the labour force was 12 million while the unemployment rate was 5.7%. As Australia is a large largest mixed economy, it imports as well as exports large amount of goods. The net export of Australia was US$184.4 billion. It exported goods such as gold, iron ore, meat, alumina, machinery, and wool and transport equipment. The main export partners of Australia are China (32.2%), Japan (15.9%), South Korea (7.1%), United States (5.4%) and India (4.2%). The economy further imports goods from other economy and thus import amounts to US$208.4 billion. The country imports goods such as computers and office machines, machinery and transport equipment, crude oil and petroleum products, telecommunication equipment and parts. The major import partners are China, United States, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Germany. It can thus be stated that the economy earns higher amount from the import than the revenue ea rned from export. The public debt of Australia was 23.3% of GDP, and the budget deficit is $43.7 billion. However, the revenue earned by the economy is observed to be lower than the expenses. The economy earns revenue of approx $373.9 billion whereas the expense is $413.8 billion. It can be thus commented that the economic condition of Australia needs to be improved further. In order to remain sustained in the global market, Australia needs to adopt strategies that will help to increase the number of exports and revenue. The current macroeconomic situation of Australia can be considered stable with a smooth economic growth. However, with the end of commodity boom in Australia, the growth has slow down to a great extent (Mankiw, 2014). Nevertheless, the economy has not gone into a period of recession. The macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, inflation, unemployment, debt and current account balance of Australia varies favourably. The growth rate has increased at a constant rate while the unemployment rate is lower than most of the OECD economies. Two major macroeconomic problems and their main causes Australia faces inflation issues in the economy. Inflation refers to the rise in the price level of goods and services over a period of time that causes a loss in the value of the currency. Unlike developed world, the economic issues regarding inflation are opposite in Australia. The central bankers of Australia have hated this kind of inflation. The price level of oil had increased to a certain level that raised concern among the bankers as well as the common people. The problem of inflation adversely affected the workers of Australia who are not likely to get an increase in their payment (Coeurdacier Rey, 2013). Moreover, the business or firms that are unable to increase to increase their price level are affected as the profit margin falls. The inflation rate of Australia also hampers the revenue collection of the government from the tax. Due to the high inflation rate, the monetary policy was calibrated for the higher rate of 2%. However, this was accepted by the bankers as there were more borrowers allowed the average loan size to increase (Bernanke, Antonovics Frank, 2015). This resulted in more profit even though the rates were low. The inflation in Australia was a result of too much spending by the individuals during the economic bloom. The inflation resulted from the demand side. Borio, (2014) further mentioned that the aggregate demand of economy leads to widespread shortage which causes the price level of goods and services to rise. On the other hand, as the production costs rise there occurs cost inflation in the economy. The inflation rate of Australia is stunningly low. As per the RBA target, it needs to be 2 to 3 percent while Australia experiences 1.0%. This indicates that the economy is weak and needs to regulate the economic spending. The other problem that the economy faces is high unemployment rate. Unemployment can be described as a situation where the individuals actively seek job but are unable to find jobs over a given period of time. The analysis of new ABS data infers that there a number of unemployed people in the economy. In addition to this, there is a number of individuals who just started with new jobs. Altogether, it can be called as a hopeless index. According to Gandolfo, (2013), it becomes difficult for the individuals to find a new job after losing their existing job in an economy with high unemployment rate. The employment growth in Australia had failed to meet the level of expectation. There was a fall in the full time unemployment rate by 40,600, which overshadowed an increase in the part time employment rate. The causes of unemployment in Australia vary. However, the common cause of unemployment that the economy faces is the shutting down of industries in South Australia and across Australia in general. As the employers shut down their business or industries, it leads to thousands of workers losing their job. Moreover, in the economy of South Australia, the issue have greater impact as there is insufficient industry diversity to recruit the unemployed individuals. On the other, the decrease in private and public spending causes the industries to move overseas (Scarth, 2014). This further creates unemployment in the economy. It can be thus inferred that Australia needs to pay much attention towards the development of the economy in order to decrease the unemployment rate. Government measures The government of Australia plays a very important role in addressing the issues such as inflation and unemployment. Both inflation and unemployment are major macroeconomic issues that need to be effectively handled by Australia in order to maintain the sustainable market position in the global market. The government can apply various methods to bring the inflation rate under control. However, it is important to choose appropriate methods of addressing inflation. Controlling inflation through wage and price control causes the recession in the economy and thus creates addition problem for the economy. Hansen, (2016) mentioned that the contractionary monetary policy is one of the useful controlling methods. The policy aims to reduce the money supply in the economy by decreasing the price of bonds and increasing the rate of interest. The economic spending is thereby reduced. The spending is reduced since a lesser amount of money is available to the individuals. This further reduces the inflation rate. During the inflation in Australia, it is important to reduce the spending as it restricts the economic growth for certain time duration along with the rate of inflation (Gal, 2015). In order to carry out the contractionary policy, the government can achieve its goal in three ways. First, the government can increase the interest rate; the second way is to increase the reserve requirement by a certain amount of money such that there is adequate money to keep on hands to cover up withdraws. The third method is to reduce the money supply through direct or indirect enacting policies (Taylor, 2016). The government can also reduce the unemployment in the economy by adopting several policies such as monetary and fiscal policies. As per the monetary policy, the interest rate can be lowered so that the aggregate demand increases. The rise in the demand for goods and services will encourage the sellers to produce more goods. Therefore, more workers will be employed to increase the production and further decrease the unemployment rate. The fiscal policy includes cutting down the tax rate (Weiss, 2014). When the tax rate is lowered, the disposable income of the individual rises. This further increases the aggregate demand and reduces the unemployment rate in Australia. The firms can further deliver education and training tothe unemployed to increase their skills or match their skills with the demand of the market. This will reduce the structural unemployment in the economy. The geographical subsidies provided by the firms helps to invest in depressed areas. The government can reduce real wage unemployment in Australia by reducing the minimum wage of the employees. As per the words of Georgellis, (2015), more flexible labour market makes it easy for the firms to hire workers. It is, therefore, important for Australia to adopt strategies that will make the labour market more flexible and thus allow easy absorption of employees to reduce unemployment. It can be thus stated that the government and other institution of Australia can reduce the macroeconomic issues with the implementation of effective strategies. Conclusion The Australian economy is stable with a continuous economic growth. However, there has been a slowdown in the economy growth to a great extent. There is an increase in the growth rate at a constant rate whereas the level of unemployment is lower than most of the OECD economies. The two economic issues that prevailed in the economy were inflation and unemployment. Different factors caused these issues in the economy. However, the government is capable of addressing these issues with the implementation of monetary, fiscal and other different policies in the economy. References Benassy, J. P. (2014).Macroeconomics: an introduction to the non-Walrasian approach. Academic Press. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K., Frank, R. (2015).Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Borio, C. (2014). The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?.Journal of Banking Finance,45, 182-198. Coeurdacier, N., Rey, H. (2013). Home bias in open economy financial macroeconomics.Journal of Economic Literature,51(1), 63-115. Gal, J. (2015).Monetary policy, inflation, and the business cycle: an introduction to the new Keynesian framework and its applications. Princeton University Press. Gandolfo, G. (2013).International Economics II: International Monetary Theory and Open-Economy Macroeconomics. Springer Science Business Media. Georgellis, Y. (2015, January). Regional unemployment and employee organizational commitment. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 12430). Academy of Management. Hansen, B. (2016).A Study in the Theory of Inflation. Routledge. Mankiw, N. G. (2014).Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Scarth, W. (2014). Macroeconomics.Books. Taylor, J. B. (2016). The Staying Power of Staggered Wage and Price Setting Models in Macroeconomics. Weiss, A. (2014).Efficiency wages: Models of unemployment, layoffs, and wage dispersion. Princeton University Press.

Talent Management Essay Example

Talent Management Paper [pic] UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA KAMPUS BANDARaya MELAKA EXECUTIVE MBA PART 1 – 2010/2011 human resource MANAGEment (hrm730) GROUP ASSIGNMENT : TALENT MANAGEMENT PREPARED FOR : DR NOOR AZAM ABD AZIZ PREPARED BY: NORZARMILA AZURA ABD. HAMID(2010731695) AHMAD IBRAHIM DAUD(2010579621) MAHFUZA JAMALUDDIN(2010950977) Acknowledgements It has been a challenge to complete this assignment, but also a worthwhile experience, and this work was possible because of the support, patience and assistance of several individuals. We wish to express our sincere gratitude to all those who have helped us. Our heartiest thanks to Dr Noor Azam Abd. Aziz, our HRM lecturer – who has opened our eyes to see things through different angles, practice radical and critical thinking facing the day to day issues at work and promote learning to build the learning organization. Thanks also to all the very inspiring mentors and fellow students of the Executive MBA, UiTM Bandaraya Melaka. Also thanks to our workplace Petronas Gas, Kolej Risda and Kolej Profesional MARA Bandar Melaka for invaluable help. Finally, We wish to extend our special gratitude to our families for their continued support. Norzarmila Azura Abd. Hamid Ahmad Ibrahim Daud Mahfuza Jamaluddin TALENT MANAGEMENT : FACTORS AFFECTING TALENT MANAGEMENT ABSTRACT The paper will reveal the definitions about talent, talent management and discuss factors affecting the talent management including the employee competencies and working environment. This paper finally concluded that according to experts, talent management is a vital factor towards organizational success. Choosing the right talent with the right competencies and providing the conducive working environment will lead to organization effectiveness. . 0INTRODUCTION Since a group of McKinsey consultants coined the phrase The War for Talent in the late 1990s, the topic of talent management has become one of the hottest issues for management academics, consultants and practitioners alike (Colling, D. G et al. ). Talent is considered the most critical source of success in an organization. Thus, talent management is fundamentally about ensuring that the right peop le are positioned in the right places and utilized to the fullest potential for optimal success of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Talent Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Top business leaders clearly understand their talent pools. For most companies, the total cost of human capital is the single biggest expense line in the income statement (Echols, 2008). Organizations know that they must have the best talent in order to succeed in the hypercompetitive and increasingly complex global economy . Along with the understanding of the need to hire, develop, and retain talented people, organizations are aware that they must manage talent as a critical resource to achieve the best possible results. ( Wellins, R. S. , Smith, A. B. Erker, S. , 2010). They work hard to identify the key players who have critical relationships with customers and suppliers, and then work even harder to nurture and keep those key resources. A number of business leaders have asserted that coming up with the best talent for their companies is the most important task they have to perform. Some, like former GE Chairman Jack Welch and Honeywell International’s Larry Bossidy, spen t a signi? cant amount of time searching for the best talent within their own employee pools, hoping to build leadership that way. Both Welch and Bossidy have frequently said that all the great strategies in the world will have little effect on a company unless the right people are chosen to execute those strategies. Steve Miller, the most successful turnaround CEO, clearly connects talent and execution. This master of execution rescued Federal-Modul, Waste Management, Reliance Group, Aetna, Bethlehem Steel, and Delphi, among others. One of his ? rst tasks as a new CEO was to ? nd the critical talent who could exercise the plans to save the company (Miller, 2008). Leaders understand this and put a premium on keeping the talent they need for growth. They do what is necessary to ensure that key people are secure and do not leave the organization. Therefore what is talent and talent management? What are factors that are influencing the talent management in an organization? 2. 0WHAT IS TALENT? According to Buckingham and Clifton (2001) talent refers to a natural recurring pattern of thought, feeling or behavior that can be productively applied. Talent in human resource is the most valuable asset to the organization. It is one of the source of competitive advantage. Lawler(2008) stated that more than any other assets, talent provides the potential for long-term competitive advantage. It plays major roles towards the organization success. Skills and knowledge must be acquired, whereas talent naturally exists within people. This can be referred as strengths, which are made up of a combination of knowledge, skills, and talents. People’s talents are innate, whereas skills and knowledge can be acquired through learning and practice. When talent is augmented with knowledge and skill, the results become individual strengths. The critical talent are the employees who drive a major part of the company’s business performance and generate above-average value for customers and shareholders. Typically, the critical talent possesses highly developed skills and deep knowledge. They don’t just â€Å"do their jobs,† but go above and beyond to contribute to the organization’s success. Surprisingly, these are not always the high-tech or highest paid employees, but often the backbone employees who are seldom mentioned in the annual report. Take FedEx, for example, the world’s largest overnight package delivery company. One report suggested that the couriers might be more critical to the operation than the pilots who ? y the packages through the night. The couriers have direct contact with the customers and must make continual decisions that impact ef? ciency and the effectiveness of the supply chain such as how to recon? gure a route and how long to wait for a customer’s packages (Deloitte Research, 2004). Talent plus skills and knowledge is the ingredients towards a better talent for any organization. Andrew (2011) posits that talent is an asset that must be managed effectively if a business is to grow and remain competitive. . 1WHAT IS TALENT MANAGEMENT? Talent management important towards organization success. Therefore, what is talent management? According to Capelli (2008), talent management is simply a matter of anticipating the need for human capital and then setting out a plan to meet it. Talent in the organization refers to the top achievers and the ones inspiring others to superior performance. Talent is the core competencies of the organization and represents a small percentage of the employees (Berger Berger, 2004). Talent management is not just a new fancy word for finding and developing employees (Laff, 2006). Talent management requires a systematic view that calls for dynamic interaction between many functions and processes (Cunningham, 2007). It is an ongoing, proactive activity (Schweyer, 2004). Talent management is about attracting, identifying recruiting, developing, motivating, promoting and retaining people that have a strong potential to succeed within an organization (Laff, 2006, Berger Berger, 2004, Schweyer, 2004). According to Albrecht Clarey (2007), talent management is the process where the strategy of collecting the individuals that have the skills, knowledge and behaviors to help the company perform well. Part of it is the ability to attract the talents in accordance with the organization needs. The issue regarding to the above statement is, what are the factors affecting talent management in an organization? As talent management is concerned with sourcing talent, integrating and aligning talent, developing talent, engaging and rewarding talent, strategically deploying talent, and assuring there is an adequate talent pipeline to support the business as it moves toward its strategic goals (Ulrich Brockbank, 2005). 3. FACTORS AFFECTING TALENT MANAGEMENT. Since the environment for most organizations today is global, complex, dynamic, highly competitive and extremely volatile, organizations both locally and globally recognize that they have a critical responsibility to recruit, develop, deploy, manage and retain their most valuable asset—talent (Cappelli, 2008). Recruiting fully competent employees avoids some of the cost of initial training, development, and on-the-job learning, although the salary and bene? ts may be higher than those of less-skilled employees. Because talent is so expensive, it must be managed carefully and systematically. Cunningham (2007) identified two general strategic choices to consider when recruiting; aligning people with roles or, aligning roles with people. Aligning people with roles is shortly described as when there are previously agreed job roles and the focus is to align people to these roles. Aligning roles with people is the opposite where the focus is on the people and the job role is adapted to their specific characteristics. If focusing on aligning people with roles, the factors influencing performance are several. Selection, recruitment, placement and promotion are basically to find the right individuals, hire them, place them in the right position and later promote them. Promotion decisions are strategic choices linked to learning and development decisions. If the right capabilities are not to be found in the labour market, or internally, the question is whether the organization should hire/promote someone less then capable but a good learner that can be developed to perform well (Cunningham, 2007). In order to choose the right candidates with the right talent, employees competencies and work environment play a vital role toward the success of talent management. 3. 1EMPLOYEES COMPETENCIES Many have tried to define what competencies are and hence there are many variations on the theme, but it is generally agreed that competencies are a combination of skills, knowledge, attributes and motives that define excellent performance (Andrews, 2011). In recent years, there has been a tremendous focus on the use of competencies, with some experts indicating that attracting talent can only be achieved if it is focused on identifying competencies and using them throughout the process. Thus competency models are fundamental to human capital management systems. It is generally accepted amongst management researchers that a sustainable competitive advantage comes from the internal qualities that is hard to imitate rather than for example the firms’ product-market position(Brandt, E. Kull, P. ,2007). Too many organizations use different languages when describing recruiting standards, training requirements, and promotional criteria. The problem is exacerbated when these organizations operate in different cultures and countries. By utilizing an agreed-upon competency model, the organization can communicate via a common language that describes performance from one unit to the next (Berger Berger, 2004). According to Andrew(2011), although competencies are not a new concept, it is only relatively recently that they have been recognized as the foundation to successful Talent Management. The competencies for a particular job—even similar jobs—can vary. A competency is a reliably measurable, relatively enduring characteristic (or combination thereof) of a person, community, or organization that causes or statistically predicts a criterion or level of performance. Competency characteristics are knowledge, behavioral skills, competency processing (IQ), personality trait, values, motives, and occasionally other perceptional capabilities (Spencer, 2004). The importance of hiring competent talent is evident in any direction. A competency can be any personal characteristic that is measurable and that distinguishes the poor performer from the superior performer. In an increasingly competitive business landscape, excellent performers – â€Å"the talent† ? are one of the key factors that will differentiate successful organizations. Clearly, organizations are extremely interested in excellent performance and hence the competencies that contribute to such performance(Andrews, 2011). Knowledge, skills and right attitude possessed by an employee is known as competency. As based on Berger Berger (2004) some of competencies that organization are looking forward in a talent includes action orientation, communication, creativity/innovation, critical thinking, customers oriented, interpersonal skills, leadership, teamwork and technical/functional expertise. According to scholars, capabilities influencing organizational effectiveness can include talent management systems (Bassi McMurrer, 2008). Thus, managing talent can only be undertaken effectively by clearly understanding the competencies of the people who make up the organization’s talent pool(Andrew, 2011). . 1. 1ACTION ORIENTATION A talent especially those that should be included in the succession planning should be someone with high degree of action orientation. Berger Berger (2004) has defined action orientation as targets and achieves results, overcomes obstacles, accepts responsibility, establishes standards and responsibilities, creates a results-oriented environment, and follows thr ough on actions. A talent should posses the action orientation competency in order to execute the organization strategies that have been formulated in order to achieve the organization goals. Organizational effectiveness begins with productivity, and productivity started when the mission has been executed effectively. Thus it need an action oriented talent to pursue the goals. 3. 1. 2COMMUNICATION Communicates can either be both verbally and in writing. Effectively conveys and shares information and ideas with others can lead to goals attainment. Listens carefully and understands various viewpoints of others may generate more effective ideas and solutions. Capabilities to present ideas clearly and concisely and understands relevant detail in presented information is an important part of communication. Thus communicates well both verbally and in writing, effectively conveys and shares information and ideas with others, listens carefully and understands various viewpoints, and presents ideas clearly and concisely and understands relevant detail in presented information are communication competency as Berger Berger(2004) posited it. A talent must communicate clearly and precisely with organization stakeholders. Otherwise the message is not deliver. Imagine the financial loss that might occurs if the marketing employees are not able to secure sales. Thus talent management must ensure the communication competency is within their talent. Otherwise it is not an asset but only a liability as Northup( 2006), stated that communication plays a vital role in the success of every organization. Successful CEOs build organizations that attract people who want to perform at the highest level possible. One important key they achieve this value trust and mutual information sharing. . 1. 3CREATIVITY/INNOVATION Berger and Berger (2004) define creativity/innovation as the competency to generate novel ideas and develops or improves existing and new systems that challenge the status quo, takes risks, and encourages innovation. A talent must have this factor and must unleash it in order to achieve organization goals. 3. 1. 4CRITICAL THINKING Critical thinking is the ability to de? ne issues and focus on achievi ng workable solutions. Consistently does the right thing by performing with reliability. It a must for any talent to be able to think critically when crisis occurs. Talent management must be able to identify this competency within the organization talent. 3. 1. 5CUSTOMERS ORIENTED A customer is always the king. Any talent management system should recognize that their talent must possessed this competency in order to success especially the Customer Service Department or the front liners. As Berger and Berger(2004) posit it, customer oriented is a competency whereby talent able to listen to customers, builds customer con? ence, increases customer satisfaction, ensures commitments are met, sets appropriate customer expectations, and responds to customer needs. 3. 1. 6INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Capabilities to effectively and productively engages with others and establishes trust, credibility, and con? dence with others is what interpersonal skill is all about. It is important competency that talent management must identify and look forward in a talent, does not matter at what lev el the talents are positioned in the organization. Without it, one will not be able to work effectively with others. 3. 1. 7LEADERSHIP Leader is needed to lead other talented employees to achieve the organizational goals. An organization should identify the genuine talent who can lead instead of manage the organization. A leadership skill is a competency that a talent must possessed in order to ensure a smooth execution of organization vision and mission, thus achieving the organization growth. Leadership skill includes the ability to motivate and persuade other employees toward the goal attainment. Bernard (1992) describes motivation as a combination of three social motives that forms a person’s motivation profile; the drive for achievement, the desire to maintain friendly relationships with others, and the drive for power. The drive for achievement characterizes itself through a tendency to take reasonable risks and the desire to take responsibility for results, a permanent concern for personal improvement and how to do things better, faster or differently. The desire to maintain friendly relationships makes people focus on establishing and maintaining relations at work and they are more sensitive for factors influencing them. Power, or the will to influence, is the third motivator and is concerned with the desire to impress and influence others, build a reputation and to spontaneously offer support and advice. A talent management system should be able to identify and retain the talent that have this leadership competency. 3. 1. 8TEAMWORK Berger Berger(2004) define teamwork as knows when and how to attract, develop, reward, and utilize teams to optimize results. Acts to build trust, inspire enthusiasm, encourage others, and help resolve con? cts and develop consensus in creating high-performance teams. An organization will not achieve it goals if only certain people/talent is very effective and efficient whereas the rest of it is underperform their duty. Therefore a talent should possessed the spirit of team working in order to success. Talent management should includes the capability of becoming a good and efficient team member. The cohesiveness with other members of organization should be nurtured so th at team are working effectively. 3. 1. 9TECHNICAL/FUNCTIONAL EXPERTISE Technical/functional expertise means talent demonstrates strong technical/functional pro? ciencies and knowledge in areas of expertise. Shows knowledge of company business and pro? ciency in the strategic and ? nancial processes, including PL planning processes and their implications for the company(Berger Berger, 2004). If a talent do not possessed any other technical expertise, he/she is considered the organization liabilities and not an asset. Thus, talent management system should be able to select only the capable talent to any vacancy in organization. . 0WORKINGS ENVIRONMENT There is always two size of the coin, if the organization expecting their talented employees to sustain their productivity, or even increases it, thus the management of an organization especially the Human Resource Officers have to ensure that they have done their part in providing the conducive working environment either physical environment such as safe and sound building, comfortable and suitable table, chair, furniture, lighting and air circulation. The right physical work environment plus the right apparatus and tools encourage to stimulate employees creativity and innovation. Furthermore the happy and satisfied employees lead to increase in productivity which will lead to increase in profitability and organization prosperity.. Employees hope to receive gainful employment and a meaningful and stable livelihood. Organizational effectiveness (OE) can be conceptualized as the degree to which a business meets the long term needs of its various stakeholders (Kim Mauborgne, 2009). According to Uren(2007) firm need to have the attractiveness to be able to find suitable candidates, and to give the people which can add to the firms’ competitive advantage a clear view over the capabilities that are necessary and what values they can identify with. Research has found that managers have the biggest impact on whether employees leave or stay, (Branham, 2000) thus they have a great impact on their subordinates and negative interactions have a bigger impact than positive ones. Many examples have been found of managers with abusive behavior against subordinates resulting in lower job satisfaction, concentration, productivity, bad mental and physical health as well as high employee turnover. It is not only bad performers that can have a negative effect on the organization, even high performers can cost more than they are worth due to costs induced by their behavior. Sutton( 2007) noted that if an organization tolerate bad behavior amongst its employees it will have difficulties recruiting and retaining the best performing talent, poorer client relations, damaged reputations and less investor confidence. Pushing out subordinates, legal costs due to law suits, unhappy co-workers all represents substantial costs no matter how good someone is at the specific task they are to perform. Performance and treatment should not be dealt with as separate issues (Sutton, 2007). CONCLUSIONS Success cannot be generated in any way without successful people, not only at the top, but at all levels. People are the most important asset and no organization has been successful without them. The area of most concern in managing talent is when top performers or critical employees depart their jobs. The challenge is to manage this turnover successfully and on-board new employees quickly. In an ideal scenario, talent sources are available so there are no gaps in organizational performance or product road maps. Talent management is a critical strategic objective for growing organizations. This responsibility represents an excellent opportunity to create value. Certain factors that influence talent management and organization effectiveness has been discuss and it is certain that the talent management must includes both factors into considerations the employees competencies and the conducive work environment. COMPENTENCIES | | | |Action Orientation | |Communication | |Creativity/Innovation | |Critical thinking | |Customers Oriented | |Interpersonal skills | |Leadership | |Teamwork | |Technical/ Functional | |Expertise | | | TALENT MANAGEMENT | |WORKING ENVIRONMENT | | | |Physical environment | |Non-Physical environment | Model 1. 1: Factors Affecting Talent Management REFERENCES An drew, A. (2011), â€Å"Why Competency? based Talent Management? Lexonis Limited Albrecht, M, Clarey, J,. (2007), â€Å" How to Attract, Hire, Reward, Motivate, and Train the Very Best People† Talent Management : A Complete Guide to Strategies, Systems and Issues. (online) download at http://www. randon-hall. com/publications/ talent management/talent management(accessed 15 April 2011). Bassi, L. J. , McMurrer, D. P. (2008). Toward a human capital measurement methodology. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10, 863-888. Berger, L. , Berger, D. R. (2004). The talent management handbook: Creating organizational excellence by identifying, developing, and promoting your best people. New York: McGraw-Hill. Bernard, A. (1992). Managing Motivation for Performance Improvement. In A. Mitrani, M. Dalziel, D. Fitt (Eds. , Competence Based Human Resource Management – Value driven strategies for recruitment, development and reward. (p. 129-148) London: Kogan Page Limited. B randt, E. Kull, P. (2007), Talent Management: How firms in Sweden find and nurture value adding human resources, Master’s Thesis in Business Administration, Internationella Handelshogskolan. Branham, F. L. (2000). Keeping the people who keep you in business: 24 ways to hang on to your most valuable talent. New York: AMACOM. Buckingham, M. Clifton, D. O. (2001). Now, discover your strengths. New York: Free Press. Capelli, P(2008), Talent Management for the Twenty First Century, Harvard Business Review. hbr. org. Collings, D. G. Mellahi, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 19, 304 313. Cunningham, I. (2007). Talent Management: making it real. Development and Learning in Organisations. 21(2), 4-6. Deloitte Research. (2004). It’s 2008: Do you know where your talent is? Why acquisition and retention strategies don’t work. New York: Deloitte Development LLC. Kim, W. C. , Mauborgne, R. 2009). How strategy shapes structure. Harvard Business Review, 87, 72-80. Laff, M. (2006). Talent Management: From Hire to Retire. T+D Alexandria. 60(11). 42-50. Ruyle et al(2001), A New Framework for Understanding Organizational Effectiveness, The Korn/Ferry Institute retrieved on 16 April 2011 from http://www. kornferryinstitute. com/files/pdf1/Strategic_talent_mgmt. pdf Schweyer, A. (2004). Talent Management Systems: best practises in technology solutions for recruitment, retention and workforce planning. Canada: Tri-Graphic Printing. Sutton, R. (2007). Building the civilized workplace: Nasty people dont just make others feel miserable; they create economic problems for their companies. The McKinsey Quarterly, Number 2. Retrieved 15 April 2011, from http://www. mckinseyquarterly. com/article_page. aspx? ar=1963=21=7=17=0. Ulrich, D. , Brockbank, W. , Johnson, D. , Younger, J. (2007). Human resource competencies: Responding to increased expectations. Employment Relations Today, 34(3), 1-12. Uren, L. (2007). From talent compliance to talent commitment. Strategic HR Review. 6(3). 32-35. Wellins, R. S. , Smith, A. B. , Erker, S. (2010), ‘ Nine best practice for

Social Trends, Social Responsibility and Ethics

Introduction Following the currently competitive global business environment, business corporations are faced with new challenges of maintaining their corporate image sustainably. It has been revealed that, successful businesses have their business philosophies strongly founded on favorable social values with their clients. Since many of the contemporary businesses are founded on social settings, it is an obligatory duty for them to adhere to social ethics in order to acquire public reputation which would enhance their prosperity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Trends, Social Responsibility and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Althouse (73), prospective businesses should pursue productive practices in their businesses which enhance their sustainability in the future. As it has been argued, businesses find it difficulty to maintain high profits as they remain socially responsible in the society. This paper presents the ultimate business practices which enhance more success among businesses in the currently competitive business environment. As noted by Baker (1), the issue of corporate social responsibility has for long been misinterpreted as just a money wastage practice without returns. Today, the perception of corporate responsibility has taken new forms where organizations invest to maintain a long-lasting relationship with the society. According to Althouse (75), successful businesses find it inevitable to conform to the societal ethics and expectations. This would involve their active participation in societal development projects and practicing ethical dealings with their clients. For instance, fair pricing and provision of quality products is one of the most potential ethical practices among businesses capable of enhancing sustained business-customer relationship. By so doing, businesses would find more beneficial in the long-run, despite undergoing hardshi ps at initial stages. According to Baker (2), business people should be focused and determined to achieve their goals by being committed to establish cordial business-customer relationships. Despite the challenges which businesses may face, it is quite important that they persevere and get attached to their commitments. As revealed by Althouse (76), one of the most significant winning practices among businesses is commitment in addressing societal problems. Businesses should remain hooked to their goals and determinations regardless of the hardships they face as they gear their efforts in pursuit of success for their businesses. As it has been noted, maintaining good business-client relationship is quite challenging requires a lot of commitment. On this basis, it is the social responsibility of the businesses in the contemporary society to be committed in serving their clients satisfactorily. As noted by Althouse (74), successful business people have high degree of self discipline i n their commitment to satisfy their customers. More precisely, businesses should maintain cordial relationships with their clients by being highly disciplined in playing their roles effectively.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to ensure good business- customer relationships, both the customers and business people have to understand the specific roles entrusted to them, and work towards sustaining the mutual relationship established between the two parties. Baker (1) postulated that, business ethics is important in all aspects of a business starting from sales, customer service, and finance as well as product development. On this basis, business ethics is a vital approach in doing business, whereby it’s potential of ensuring success and sustainability of a business, as it is part of corporate social responsibility, where it judges the perception of the busines s in the eyes of the surrounding community. Based on this phenomenon, a business with a good public image will definitely enjoy overwhelming performance due to public support and trust. The public has the potential of enhancing or ruining the image of the business, thus determining its competitiveness. As stated by Baker (1), by gaining public trust the community acts as ambassadors of the business thus engaging in practices that promote the business. This will ultimately be reflected through increased business performance. In the case of customers, maintaining integrity in business practices enhances business relationships. Customers are proud of businesses that practice integrity in all their undertaking. By so doing the branding efforts are facilitated hence leading to protection of the business goodwill that has significant impact on the success of the business. In the side of employees, business ethics is of magnificent value (Althouse 78). The concept of business ethics is cur rently receiving significant attention in the corporate world. Baker (2) reports on how the cost of unethical business behavior is high and is continuing to rise, making businesses continue undergoing huge losses. This is attributed to increased human literacy, competition in business sector as well as increased government regulation. The late two to three decades have been associated with numerous scandals and unethical business practices. Governments and the press have been interested in the issue hence leading to consumer enlightenment. This has in turn led to adverse impacts on the businesses that had engaged in unethical practices. Customers had to shift to reputable companies. Suppliers, investors and other interested parties to business have also declined their relationships with unrepeatable business. On this basis, it is only reputable businesses that had to sail through the market (Althouse 83). The aspects of globalization and liberalizations of markets have also led to i ncreased competition in the business world. This has in turn led to the need for ethical consideration in business practices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Trends, Social Responsibility and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research by Althouse (84) has shown that, business that engage in ethical practices have been able to win public trust and loyalty. This is reflected through increased sales and profitability thus enhancing the profitability and sustainability of a business in the market. The concept of trust has found its relevance in the contemporary business dealings. Businesses should act in a way that it wins the public confidence and conviction by being trustful to their clients. The element of trust has been identified to be very powerful in building a business image as well as enhancing the business performance. This is based on the fact that business partners, investors, customers and all interested party of a business are willing to work with a trust worthy business Baker (1). Meeting obligation is also a vital principle in the contemporary business ethics. This principle entails the responsibility and accountability of a business in performing its tasks. As indicated by Baker (2), a business should do everything in its power so as to gain the confidence and trust of the clients and customers. The business should be steadfast in honoring commitments with business partners, employees as well as the customers. For the case of business contracts, a business should willingly adhere to its commitment so as to be able to win the confidence of the other stakeholders. Keeping an open mind has also been found to be a very influential element of business conduct, whereby it potential of ruining or building business reputation. As depicted by Althouse (89) the business management should exercise good leadership that is appealing to all stakeholders. For instance, the case of decision and policy making should be done in appealing manner. The business should be free to ask feedback and opinions from team members and customers. By so doing, all groups will feel to be part of the business hence boosting its reputation and trust. More so, businesses should have Clear documentary through transparency and accountability in business operations. With reference to Baker (2), the concept of integrity is also of great importance in the business operations, whereby all undertakings should be just and appealing to all. Further, businesses should pursue corporate responsibility by actively involving the community in its operations. For a business to be regarded as practicing business ethics, it should have the surrounding community at heart. The business is liable of staying involved with community activities and issues. The business practices should ensure protection and promotion of the interest of the community.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regardless of the business potentiality and power, it should treat others with great respect (Althouse 84). Importantly, businesses and their clients should treat each other with high degree of respect. The virtue of courtesy and respect should be the guiding principle between a business an all parties it is relating with. By so doing, the business will be able to gain trust and respect from the public thus enhancing its performance (Baker 1). A point worth of consideration is that, issues of pollution of the environment among other unethical practices were conducted without negative feedback form the general public. Based on these insights, the increased pressure and attention from media, non-governmental organizations, and rapid global information sharing, there has been overwhelming demand for businesses to conduct ethical and sustainable business practices. On the other hand, businesses have also realized the need to conduct ethical practices in their endeavors of attracting and retaining customers, employees thus leading to the realization of corporate social responsibility. This research paper will profoundly explore the concept of corporate social responsibility in the business sector. As evidenced in Baker (2), corporate social responsibility policy is a business development measure meant to establish built-in self adaptable mechanism that facilitate the businesses to check and ensure efficient conformity with the spirit of law, international standards and ethical customs. With the increased competition in the business sector in recent days, there has been every need for each business to comply with the expectations of its customers as well as that of the wider population. On this basis, the main aim of corporate social responsibility is to augment responsibility and accountability by the businesses for their actions and encourage positive and admirable impacts to their environs. With this in mind, corporate businesses have developed remarkable realiza tion regarding the welfare of the consumers, environment, and the entire community at large. With the advancement of corporate social responsibility, businesses are actively promoting the public interests through being actively involved in various community development projects. In addition, businesses have also come to realization of the need to voluntarily eliminate practices that would harm the public sphere Baker (1). Philanthropy has also been a stupendous approach to corporate social responsibility among many corporations. This entails monetary donations and aid to the communities. In relation to this concept, large organizations, both international and local, usually give monetary donations and aid to local organizations and impecunious communities in pitiable countries. Despite the benefits accrued from this approach to the communities, Althouse (89) reveals how it has gained a lot of criticism from different groups and scholars. This is basically based on the fact that it o nly breast feeds the community and fails to give the appropriate skills and knowledge to the people to assist in improving their situation. With continued adoption of philanthropy, communities will become dependent on aid and thus worsen the situation rather than help in solving their situation. Nevertheless, Philanthropy has been of great significance to the corporations in that it has helped in building its image among the public thus being able to meet its objectives. According to Althouse (93), the concept of creating shared value is also an important and efficient approach to corporate social responsibility. This approach is based on the fact that, business triumph and societal welfare are mutually dependent. With this in mind, businesses have been liable to developing sustainable and admirable strategies thus are able to incorporate the community into the business interests. With an aim of creating shared value, businesses get involved in rigorous development of skilled labor force, sustainable resources, and healthy relationships with the society at large (Baker 2). Based on the ideas of Althouse (94), corporate social responsibility is an act of ethics and morality. In this regard, businesses voluntarily and deliberate undertake corporate social responsibility initiatives as an act of ethics. This is in conjunction with the national and international norms and morals whereby the companies take different charity initiatives with the primary aim of improving the welfare of the communities. Many multinational corporations operating in poor nations have deliberately involved in charity actions thus being able to improve the welfare of the communities. Volunteering has also been an outstanding concept in the corporate world in recent days whereby businesses voluntarily prioritize the interest of the wider population. It has been noted that, many businesses set a significant fraction of their revenues to assist the less fortunate in their surrounding. As ind icated by Baker (2), corporate social responsibility is of great importance in the business and social arena. Research carried upon various groups regarding the concept of corporate social responsibility, has shown a positive attitude and perception of people towards the issue. This is so because; it has led to order and compliance of ethics in the business sector. With adherence to the concept of corporate social responsibility, businesses have significantly changed their behaviors and engaged in more admirable practices. For instance the issue of pollution to the environment has been efficiently countered. On the other hand, misleading advertisements have also been abandoned thus leading to order in the advertisement sector. Conclusion In the currently competitive business context, corporate social responsibility has been of great significance. In this case, businesses which practice corporate social responsibility initiatives have been able to position themselves adequately upon the consumers. This situation has significantly enhanced the businesses performance since consumer loyalty and trust is enhanced. Research carried on different businesses has shown that businesses which adopt efficient CSR initiatives have good performance in comparison with those which ignore social responsibilities of businesses. Based on this concept, it is worth noting that corporate social responsibility is beneficial for the sustainability of the business. The competitive advantage of businesses has also been enhanced with the practice of corporate social responsibility. Businesses have been able to out-compete their opponents by involving themselves into admirable practices. Works Cited Althouse, Richard. et al. The Future of Business, Second Canadian Edition. St Louis: Nelson Education Ltd, 2008. Baker, Mallen. 2011 – This is the Scale of the Challenge. Business Respect, Jan 12, 2011. Web. This essay on Social Trends, Social Responsibility and Ethics was written and submitted by user Lauren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on american education

Essay on american education Essay on american education 10/2/14 Deductive Paragraphs on American Education Our country’s education system is in need of reform. America has come a long way in building the education system since 3500 BC when the first academy was built. Of course it has; it has been thousands of years. Even comparing the education system today with the way it was one hundred years ago like the dean of Columbia School of Journalism Nicholas Lemann did in his entry in The New Yorker is pretty far fetched. He stated that only eight and a half percent of Americans had a high school degree a hundred years ago, and now there are roughly one sixth of the population in high schools today (Lemann, 1). But there are too many differences in America today and America in the early 1900’s to compare the two. Not only has the education system changed since then, but America as a whole country has grown. Education is more important than working now a days, it is normal for more women to be educated in high school and higher education, ect. Seyward Darby puts it well when he s ays â€Å"It’s one thing to say we’ve come a long way, it’s quite another to suggest we’re doing pretty well today† (Darby, 2). It has definitely grown and people have recognized the power and the importance of education, but there is still a lot of work to be done with an education system that is just okay. Schools are popping up more often, but that does not mean that they are all great schools with qualified staff. A school in the ghetto is much different than a school built in a rich suburbia. The rich schools have more money to spend on books and materials, sports teams, and they have a wider range of teachers to choose from because more people

Target Population Needs at JHUSON Primary Care Clinic Case Study

Target Population Needs at JHUSON Primary Care Clinic - Case Study Example In addition, the two years funding by a philanthropist and the offer by Microsoft for both hardware and software installations as opportunities. On the other hand, one threat is the daily violence experienced in the area. One social factor playing out from this case study is that only 50% of the people in this location are enrolled in some medical insurance. In effect, another 50% of the population has no form of medical insurance. On the other hand, there is a high case put forward concerning expected emergency cases in the hospital influenced by the violence cases. In addition, there is a prevalence of respiratory diseases, teen pregnancy, personal and intergenerational drug and alcohol use in the neighbourhood. Observing these facts, which could bring emergency medical cases, ensures that the facility will be wary of emergency cases and thus avoid Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1986 violations (Smith, 2002; Strickler, 2006). According to a Harris Poll conducted in 2002, most Americans preferred hospitals that had nurses with speciality certification (Advanced Practice Nursing Roles, n.d.). Therefore, with this external opportunity will help JHUSON employ nurses that were specialists in the common illnesses in the neighbourhood. In this regard, the neighbourhood will feel safe in the hands of specialists. Another external opportunity related to JHUSON’s business plan concerns the use of health information technology. With its quest of having the service a model for future HIT-enabled inner-city community-based models of care, JHUSON stands to benefit. The government has federal financial incentives to the health service providers that make meaningful use of the electronic method of keeping health records (Jha, DesRoches, Kralovec & Joshi, 2010). Thus, with the business tailored to come with a benefactor in a HIT in the form of Microsoft, the JHUSON service will stand to benefit in terms of financial initiatives offered to HIT users by the government.

The letter of Galileo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The letter of Galileo - Essay Example What Galileo is up to and what is he trying to say? In the letter Galileo states that his discovery regarding the solar system was unique. People who went against him doubted that his discoveries would upset nature and jeopardize science. Galileo in the letter tried to emphasize that discoveries based on truth helps in the growth in knowledge. With the passage of time his discoveries were considered to be correct by other eminent scientist. Galileo suggests that his book must be destroyed if any disparity is found between his views regarding Copernican system and the Church. (Galilei) A war began between science and Christianity. Europeans discovered they were residing in a world and era of ever growing opportunities. The Church no longer held its power over the truth owing to the reformation. The knowledge gained from university courses was no longer considered sufficient and it was time for natural philosophers to get their worth (Ede and Cormack, 103). In modern world scientists t hroughout the globe possesses variety of belief with respect to different religions. Some scientists claim that both religion and science are different entities and both are equally important in one’s life. ... Both are independent by their own nature and discover separate realms. The methods of both science and religion are similar and they both can help in enhancing each other. Religion offers a philosophical structure required to do science. Galileo always believed that science and religion is constantly in war with each other. Galileo’s discovery that earth orbits the sun was strongly denied by Church because they were ignorant about science. The Church was against the ideas of Galileo because they could never relate religion with science. Galileo along with his discoveries wrote that his discoveries never contradicted with Bible. Christians argue that according to Bible, science is younger than Earth. They believe that science or religion either of the one must be wrong or deny the fact that these two entities can ever reconcile with each other. If science is unable to find any natural mechanism for any particular event or phenomena then many people believe that behind the cause of the event is some supernatural force and that is God. But after few years when scientist discovers a natural mechanism which clarify the event, then the existence of god becomes questionable. (Stewart, 107-110) Difference between Science and Religion Religious belief was a hindrance to the progress of science during the Galileo’s period of time. A heated disparity aroused regarding the understandings of some of the verses in the Bible especially from lyrical sections of the Psalms. If it was imagined that these scriptures should be read as science rather than poetry then it could have be easily interpreted that Earth was centrally located in the universe. Galileo agreed with the theories of Copernicus that this ideology was

ECON 5110 HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ECON 5110 HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT - Essay Example He maintained that the amount of money held was determined by institutional arrangements of the economy and could be treated as a constant on ceteris paribus assumptions (Barber 187). According to Marshall, despite the state of society, there was a certain amount of resources, people of various classes kept in form of currency, and if all remained same, there was a relation between volume of money and price levels. If one increased by five percent, the other would also increase by five percent. In the seventeenth century, many writings on economic policies by businesspersons and merchants existed. These were arguing in favour of policies that supported them. However, despite the biasness, some economists like Francis Bacon and Rene Decartes showed subtle and careful analysis. This seventeenth century economic thinking in England was mercantilist as typified by the doctrine of balance-of-trade. Irrespective of the actual aim of these writers, their doctrines were used to support protectionist interests rather than general economic interest that would be important to the whole economy. Compare to the neoclassical economist whose policies focused on general price levels, output, and income distribution, these economists were more

Social Security Act of 1935: Causes and Effects

Social Security Act of 1935: Causes and Effects Social Security Act of 1935 Before 1935, there were no benefits for the old and other financially challenged persons in America. The only people liable to benefits after their service were veterans who received pensions. The remaining occupations had no benefits after their service (DeWitt, 2010). In every occupation there is a retirement age upon which the employee is considered unable to contribute positively towards the organization. As a result, when employees attain such status they are cut off as employees. Unfortunately, when one had not made savings during their service they would up in the streets as beggars. Alternatively, the elderly would ultimately become dependents especially if they had low wages during their active duty. The fortunate people were those who had been employed in high paying jobs and managed to make huge savings while they were working. Being dependent would mean that you either rely on your siblings or children to cater for your financial needs. In August 1935, Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act which improved life for the elderly in the society (Gareth and Derthick, 2007). The Act ensured benefits to elderly citizens in the US. As a result, United States of America become one of the first countries in the world to provide support for the elderly in their country. In life, there are complex challenges that are accompanied with old age, based on these challenges most people tend to avoid old people instead of helping them. The US stood out as one of the communities that would rather provide support to the elderly than to lock them out of national benefits. Therefore, this paper discusses  the Social Security Act of 1935, describing factors that led to the development of the legislation (history) including the amendments made to it. In addition it discusses its effects and relation to the American Economy. Social Security history The federal government of America had isolated itself from elderly benefits before the legislation of social security Act. Primarily this responsibility was handled by family members since they are the only social unit most reluctant to abandon their kin. Moreover, this responsibility was accustomed to the local and state governments Social security concerns from the federal government were initiated by the Great depression. During and shortly after the Great depression most Americans especially the elderly were exposed to harsh living conditions. The depression led to the increased unemployment rates ever in the US history (DeWitt, 2010). The elderly who had lost their jobs during this time had no chance of seeking employment elsewhere. In addition, the few remaining vacant spots were consequently filled by the younger work force who had also been sacked as a result of the Great Depression. In January 1935, Franklin Roosevelt decided to write to the congress seeking legislation for social security in the country. Despite of the positive influence that the legislation would have made on humanity, the bill was greatly opposed. Since the president was so eager to pass this bill, he lobbied several senators and even appointed six judges who consequently approved the bill. The president signed the bill seven months late after drafting the later to the congress and it became a law. Social Security Act of 1935 On 14th August 1935, America passed a bill which ended up in the development of social security system that provided benefits for the elderly unemployed, causalities of industrial accidents, unemployed persons, vulnerable mother, children and the physically handicapped. The Act was not specific to the elderly alone but also other economically challenged persons in the society as described. A society is composed of both negative and positive attributes of human nature. Whilst a society is made vibrant by the youth and the young adult through their workability, it should not disgrace the elderly or those unable to fend for themselves (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Both entities should coexist together in harmony supporting and encouraging each other where and when necessary. Social Security Act of 1935 is composed of 11 different titles which express support for the economically challenged America citizens. The first title entails grants to states for old-age assistance. The second title encompasses federal Old-Age benefits. Third, grants to states for compensation for the unemployed. Fourth is a grant to states for aid to dependent children. Fifth is grants to states to maternal and child welfare (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Sixth is title for public health. Seventh is title for social security board. Eighth is title to taxes with respect to employment. The ninth tile is to tax on employees of eight or more employees. The tenth title is grants to states for aid for the blind. The eleventh title is general provisions. These grants are contributed by both the government and the working population. Both employees and employers contribute differently towards these grants. The federal government then allocated the grants to states based on the quality of a state’s population based on the number of dependent children mothers, unemployed persons and the elderly. This statistics are extracted from the most recent census to aid the allocation process (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). The social security board manages the collection of revenues attributed to social security funds. Amendments to the Social Security Act of 1935 The first amendment was instituted four years after the signing of the original amendment. In 1939, the act was modified and the beneficiaries were not only the retired worker but also the children and spouse of the retired worker. Initially, the benefits were solely allocated to the retired worker and it was upon them to utilize the benefits on their family. However, after sometime it was discovered that a portion of retired workers misused the funds from their benefit scheme. Instead of using the funds in enriching their lives they wasted the money on personal needs as irresponsible consumption of alcohol (King and Wayne, 2009). To minimize these, the federal government decided to recognize both the children and spouse of a retired worker and they were also affiliated to the retired worker’s benefit. The first amendment was later preceded with a series of changes until the 2008 during Obama’s reign, there have been addition to the social security trustees. For instance Medicare has been slotted together with social security (Hodges, 2013). Not only financial benefits are allocated to the beneficiaries but also medical benefits. This is as a result of current concern for high quality Medicare which is expensive. Therefore, dependent mothers and children were more likely to miss out. But with the amendments of the current administration the poor and the physically challenge would also have equal chances in obtaining high quality healthcare as the rich in the society (King and Wayne, 2009). Effects of the Act Production in any system is determined by the morale manifested by the working force. The standard age of retrenchment is not an indicator of senescence in human resource capability. Retrenchment is a tactic used by the government to create employment opportunities for the youth. Therefore, when people retire form civil service, they might still productive in their present locations (Cogan and Mitchell, 2013). Grants allocated to the old serves as an inspiration to these elderly population. This money can be used in establishing small scale enterprises which serve as injection to the economy. Grants allocated to dependent children helps these children obtain education and end up as positive resource for the economy. Education is a positive contributor to strong economy. In addition, education is directly proportional to the economic strength of a country. As a result, the US poses as the strongest economy in the world based on positive human resource which is due to high quality education in the country (Hodges, 2013). Children without education or those who lack other basic needs end up in the streets. Once on the streets they are more likely to indulge in criminal activities to meet their needs. Consequently, this result to increased crime rate which ruins an economy. When dependent mothers lack sufficient financial support it leads to strenuous consequences. The first problem is associated with delivery of pregnant mothers. Since they are not capableof financing safe delivery costs in hospitals, they would opt for unsafe birth avenues which are cheaper and require lesser or no paper work (Gareth and Derthick, 2007). Unfortunately, this might lead to the  death of either the mother or child or both. High mortality rates also negatively impact the economy. However, with grants being offered to states for dependent mothers and children in the United States as a result of the social security Act negative attributes associated with dependent mothers and children are lower compared to other regions in the world (King and Wayne, 2009). In conclusion, Franklin Roosevelt unveiled a formidable mechanism of ensuring that all members of the society are catered for. In addition, the system also contributes positively towards the economy. Despite the amendment made to the act the primary objective has been maintained. References DeWitt, L., (2010) The Development of Social Security in America, Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70(3) Hodges, K., (2013), Debating Social Security: Understanding and Evaluating Perspectives on the Social Security Act of 1935, Academy for College Career Exploration, Baltimore City Public School System King, T. and Wayne, C., (2009), The History of Major Changes to the Social Security System, The CPA Journal May Issue Gareth, D. and Derthick, M., (2007), Race and social welfare policy: The Social Security Act of 1935. Political Science Quarterly 112(2) Cogan, F. and Mitchell, O., (2013), Perspectives from the President’s Commission on Social Security reform, Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol. 17(2)

Historical Analogy of the Democratic Party’s position in the Southern Region of America Essay

America’s Democratic Party is one of the country’s two major political parties. The organization has a long history, but when compared to the Democratic Party of 1792, today’s party is very different. The Democratic Party was founded in the 1790’s by Thomas Jefferson, who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson became the first Democratic President of the United States in 1800. Over next 70 years, as the organization grew, so did its support in the South. After the end of the Civil War in 1865, African Americans favored the Republican Party and its anti-slavery views, while the Democratic majority was Southern Whites, who were not in favor of political rights for former slaves (Grantham, 1992). In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant, a Republican, was elected President with the help of African American Republicans, who were voting in a presidential election for the first time. During Grant’s presidency, the Radical Republicans introduced the15th Amendment, which stated that a right to vote could not be denied because of â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude† (Carnes & Garraty, 2006, p. 434) Over the years, the Democratic Party has left behind many of its old principles and ideals, especially with today’s presence of African Americans in the party. The Democrats once maintained the support of White Southerners by backing Jim Crow laws and supporting racial Historical Analogy 2 egregation, but today, the majority of African Americans vote for the Democratic ticket (Aldrich, 1995). African Americans began to shift from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party in the 1940s, despite the Democrats opposition to 14th Amendment, which granted citizenship to â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States† (Carnes & Garraty, 2006, p. 430). In the election of 1940, Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, added ci vil rights to his party platform. As a result, Roosevelt and the Democratic Party gained support from African American voters (Aldrich, 1995). Today, the majority of African Americans are registered as Democrats. John Kerry carried 89% of the African American vote in the 2004 presidential election, and African Americans continue to gain more political position in the Democratic Party (Wenner, 2004). In 2008, the Democrats nominated Illinois Senator Barack Obama, as its presumptive presidential nominee, solidifying Obama’s place in history as the first African American to be a major political party’s presumptive nominee for President of the United States. For almost a century after the end of the Civil War, the Democratic Party had a strong presence in the Southern region of America. From 1880 to 1960, the region was known as the â€Å"Solid South† because Democrats won by large margins in the area (Grantham, 1992). The Solid South began to come apart when President Harry S. Truman, a Democrat, began supporting the civil rights movement (Black & Black, 2003). Following Roosevelt’s path, civil rights was a part of Truman’s 1948 Democratic platform, used at the Democratic National Convention. Historical Analogy 3 As a result of Truman’s endorsement of the civil rights movement, which included adopting a resolution to condemn the Ku Klux Klan, many conservative Southern Democrats walked out of the National Convention and left the Democratic Party (Aldrich, 1995). The Democratic support of the civil rights movement significantly reduced Southern support for the Democratic Party and allowed the Republican Party to step in and gain a little success in the South. In the 1950s, the Southern Democrats, who opposed the Democratic Party’s support of the civil rights movement, formed the Dixiecrat Party, which was led by then-Governor of South Carolina, Strom Thurmond. When the Dixiecrat Party proved to be unsuccessful, Thurmond and many other former Southern Democrats switched to the Republican Party. â€Å"Thurmond, a tenacious champion of unreconstructed conservatism, abandoned the Democratic Party to become the first Republican senator from the Deep South in the twentieth century† (Black & Black, 2003, p. 1) The Republican Party’s strength in the South grew during the election of 1964. Although Lyndon B. Johnson, a Democrat won the election, he did not carry the five states of the Solid South, which included Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama (Aldrich, 1995). The Deep South states provided an electoral victory to the Republican candidate, Barry Goldwater. It was the first time since Reconstruction that a Republican carried the South in a presidential election (Carnes & Garraty, 2006). Johnson and the Democrats continued to lose support in the South by supporting the Civil Rights Act of 1964. After signing the landmark legislation, Johnson said to his aide, Bill Moyers, Historical Analogy 4 â€Å"I think we just delivered the South to the Republican Party for a long time to come† (Grantham, 1992, p. 12). As support for the Democrats in the South dwindled, in 1968 election Republican candidate Richard Nixon used â€Å"Southern Strategy,† to capitalize in the election (Carnes and Garraty, 2006, p. 810). Nixon used a method that attracted the former Southern Democrats, who were still conservative and supported segregation. With his strategy, Nixon defeated the Democratic candidate, Hubert Humphrey, in the election. The era of the Solid South proved to be over, with the Democratic candidate only carrying one Southern state in 1968 election (Dewey, 1992). The Republican’s strategy to win voters in the South alienated African American voters from the Republican Party and pulled in more Southern Whites, who did not support integration, which was favored by the Democratic Party. Over time, Southern White voters continued to support the Republican Party. Today the Democratic Party is no longer the dominant party in the South. The South is now considered a stronghold of the Republican Party. In 2000, presidential candidate Al Gore received no electoral votes from the South, and neither did John Kerry in the following election in 2004 (Wenner, 2004). As the Democratic Party‘s strength weakens in the South, the opposite is happening in the Northern region of America. The Democratic Party was weak in North from the 1880s to the 1960s, when the organization controlled the South, but it is now strongest in the Northeast (Black and Black, 2003). In the 2004 election, all nine Northeastern states, from Pennsylvania to Maine, voted for the Democratic ticket of John Kerry and John Edwards (Wenner, 2004. Historical Analogy 5 From supporting slavery in the 1800s to supporting its first African American presidential candidate in 2008, the Democratic Party has evolved. Despite going through name changes, leaders and incarnations over the years, the Democratic Party has retained its same basic values. It prides itself on being the party for the working people, but as Americaâ₠¬â„¢s view of who was entitled to be a referred to as the working people has changed, so did the views of Democratic Party.

Explore the Stages of Producing a Good Essay Essay

In this essay I will be discussing the different stages involved in producing a good college essay from start to finish. I will describe exactly what an essay is, how to break down and understand an essay title, how to prepare to write an essay, the key stages in essay development and the role of self reflection on the development of your essay writing skills. An essay is a major part of formal education and is used to access a student’s performance and show that they have researched and understood a particular subject or issue. It is a piece of writing with a particular structure and layout. â€Å"A short piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one done by students as part of the work for a course† (Cambridge Dictionary, 2009). â€Å"Usually it is written in a formal, academic style: the language is different from the way you speak†¦.it is not conversational† (Cottrell 2008:175). An essay title is given and this is used as a ‘question’ which must be ultimately answered throughout the essay. You are expected to stick to exactly what the essay title is asking for. Before starting an essay you need to make sure that you understand what it is asking you to do. â€Å"Every question has key words, and identifying them will help you decide what the assignment is about and what you have to doâ €  (The Open University 2007). Once you have a clear idea of what the essay title is asking for you can then look more closely at the resources available to you, such as books, articles, class notes, the internet, television and newspapers. You need to weigh up the relevance of the information you find and be selective. You need to ask yourself ‘Do I need the information?’ and ‘How will I use this information?’ (Cottrell 2008:176). It is important to record which recourses you found your information in to avoid plagiarism. All recourses used in the essay needs to be listed in a reference list at the end of the essay and allows the reader to refer back to these sources for themselves. Next you need to organise and plan your essay. â€Å"The Structure and organisation of your work is just as important as the content. What matters is not just what you know but the way that you organise it† (Cottrell 2008:182). The hard part is getting the information and ideas that you have gathered i nto a well organised and coherent state and then start the actual writing. Arrange the information that you have already sourced into topics, a spider diagram can be handy for this. Make a plan for the main parts of your essay, and note down the key ideas and information for each part. An action plan is good way of preparing your ideas and will help you map out your essay. A good essay flows logically from one point to another, preparing an action plan can aid this. It gives you the chance to plan out what you may put in your introduction and conclusion, what your main points will be and what you will focus on in each paragraph in the main body of your essay. An action plan can help you to develop your argument but also keeps you on track. â€Å"If you simply start writing, with your pile of notes at your side, and you haven’t given any thought to the organisation of the ideas and information, then you are very likely to end up with an essay that rambles and has no clear sense of direction† (Edinburgh Napier University, 2009). A first draft is a chance to quickly jot down your ideas using your plan. This is not a final version of your essay. â€Å"Don’t expect to write perfect text at the first go, you will need to spend time going back over and rewriting or reorganising your paragraphs† (The Open University 2007). Don’t worry about spelling or punctuation at this stage; this is just a chance to get your ideas down on paper. Sometimes after writing your first draft your ideas may have developed from those which you put in your initial action plan. This means that you would have to revise your action plan â€Å"If necessary, rework your outline plan as you proceed. You may rework your plan several times as your thinking becomes more sophisticated. This is part of the process of understanding a subject† (Cottrell 2008:186). At this point you should have a good picture of what you want in your final essay. You should check that the information you have is grouped and in a good logical order, then begin to write your final draft. You need to make sure that your final draft makes sense, reading it aloud can help with this. Ensure that you have used enough evidence and examples to back up your argument and make certain that your references are written correctly and that the source of your information is made clear. Check for punctuation, spelling and grammar mistakes, getting this right can help improve your marks. Finally check that it is neat and well presented. It is important as a student to be able to reflect on how you learn best; this can help you improve your essay writing skills. Cottrell believes that you should make constructive use of the feedback that you receive from your tutors but it is also of great benefit to be able to work out for yourself what is it you do well and what you need to improve. This is also called self-reflection. Your performance as a student is likely to improve if you set time aside to reflect on how you learn. In conclusion, to produce a good college essay you must always keep focused on what the essay title is asking for, present your ideas and information in a well structured, coherent way, ensuring that it flows logically from the introduction to the conclusion. Support your ideas or arguments with good relevant evidence and make sure that this is properly referenced. Lastly always present your essays appropriately in good written English.

75 Names of Unusual or Obsolete Occupations

75 Names of Unusual or Obsolete Occupations 75 Names of Unusual or Obsolete Occupations 75 Names of Unusual or Obsolete Occupations By Mark Nichol The English language abounds with word describing occupations and professions that are rare or obsolete or are otherwise unusual and hence obscure. Here is an incomplete but extensive list of such terms, along with brief definitions. 1. ackerman: a plowman or oxherder 2. alewife: a proprietor of a tavern 3. alnager: a wool inspector 4. arkwright: a carpenter specializing in wooden chests 5. bowyer: a bowmaker 6. brazier: a brass worker 7. catchpole: an official who pursues those with delinquent debts 8. caulker: someone who packs seams in ships or around windows 9. chandler: a candlemaker, or a retail supplier of specific equipment 10. chiffonier: a wigmaker 11. cobbler: a shoemaker 12. collier: a coal miner or a maker of charcoal (also, a ship that transports coal) 13. cooper: a maker or repairer of barrels, casks, and tubs 14. cordwainer: a shoemaker 15. costermonger: a fruit seller 16. crocker: a potter 17. currier: a leather tanner, or a horse groom 18. draper: a cloth dealer 19. drayman: a driver of a heavy freight cart 20. drummer: a traveling salesman 21. duffer: a peddler 22. eggler: an egg seller 23. factor: an agent or steward 24. farrier: someone who trims horse hooves and puts on horseshoes 25. fishmonger: a fish seller 26. fletcher: a maker of arrows 27. fuller: someone who shrinks and thickens wool cloth 28. glazier: a glassmaker or window maker 29. haberdasher: an owner of or worker in a store for men’s clothing or small items used for making clothes 30. hawker: a peddler 31. hayward: an official responsible for fences and hedges 32. higgler: a peddler of dairy products and small game (also, a haggler, or someone who negotiates for lower prices) 33. hobbler: a person who tows boats on a canal or river 34. hooper: a maker of hoops for barrels, casks, and tubs 35. hostler or ostler: one who cares for horses or mules, or moves or services locomotives (originally, an innkeeper, who also maintained stables) 36. huckster: a peddler (now refers to a con artist) 37. ice cutter: someone who saws blocks of ice for refrigeration 38. ironmonger: a seller of items made of iron 39. joiner: a carpenter who specializes in furniture and fittings 40. keeler: a crew member on a barge or a keelboat 41. knacker: one who buys animals or animal carcasses to use as animal food or as fertilizer (originally, a harness maker or saddle maker) 42. knocker-up: a professional waker, who literally knocks on doors or windows to rouse people from sleep 43. lamplighter: someone who lights, extinguishes, and refuels gas street lamps 44. lapidary: a jeweler 45. lector: someone who reads to factory workers for entertainment 46. log driver: someone who floats and guides logs downriver for transportation 47. milliner: a designer, maker, or seller of women’s hats 48. muleskinner: a wagon driver 49. peruker: a wigmaker 50. pinsetter: someone who sets bowling pins back up after each bowl 51. plowright: a maker of plows and other farm implements 52. plumber: originally, one who installed lead roofing or set lead frames for windows 53. porter: a doorkeeper or gatekeeper 54. puddler: a worker in wrought iron 55. quarryman: a stonecutter 56. raker: a street cleaner 57. resurrectionist: someone who digs up recently buried corpses for use as cadavers 58. ripper: a fish seller 59. roper: a maker of nets and ropes 60. sawyer: a carpenter 61. slater: a roofer 62. slopseller: a seller of ready-made clothing, as opposed to a tailor 63. stevedore: a dockworker 64. tanner: someone who cures animal hides to make leather 65. teamster: a wagon driver 66. thatcher: someone who makes thatched roofs 67. tinker: a repairer or seller of small metal goods such as pots and pans 68. turner: someone who uses a lathe to turn wood for balustrades and spindles 69. victualer: an innkeeper, or a merchant who provides food for ships or for the military 70. wainwright: a wagon maker 71. webster: a weaver 72. weirkeeper: a fish trapper 73. wharfinger: an owner or operator of a wharf 74. wheelwright: a maker of wheels for carriages and wagons 75. whitesmith: a worker of tin Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and Tricks15 English Words of Indian Origin